Die Saturniidae und Brahmaeidae von Sulawesi und umliegenden kleinen Inseln in Indonesien

Genus Brahmaea Walker, 1855

Subgenus Bramophthalma Mell in Seitz, 1928

Brahmaea (Brahmophthalma) celebica Toxopeus, 1939 (“1937”) ^(footnote1)

Subfamily Saturniinae Boisduval, 1837 (“1834”)

Tribe Attacini Blanchard, 1840

Genus Attacus Linnaeus, 1767

Attacus erebus Fruhstorfer, 1904 ^{(footnote 2)}

Attacus paraliae Peigler, 1985 ^{(footnote 3)}

Samia vandenberghi (Watson, 1915) ^{(footnote 4)}

Samia peigleri Naumann & Nässig, 1995 ^{(footnote 5)}

Samia naumanni Paukstadt, U., Peigler, & Paukstadt, L.H., 1998 ^{(footnote 6)}

Actias isis Sonthonnax, 1897

Subgenus Antheraea Hübner, 1819 (“1816”)

Antheraea (Antheraea) celebensis Watson, 1915 ^{(footnote 8)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) pelengensis Brechlin, 2000 ^{(footnote 9)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) platessa Rothschild, 1903 ^{(footnote 10)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) cordifolia Weymer, 1906 ^{(footnote 11)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) minahassae Niepelt, 1926 ^{(footnote 12)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) paukstadtorum Naumann, Holloway, & Nässig, 1996 ^{(foonote 13)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) kageri Paukstadt, U., Paukstadt, L. H., & Suhardjono, 1997 ^{(footnote 14)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) taripaensis Naumann, Nässig, & Holloway, 1996

Antheraea (Antheraea) viridiscura Holloway, Nässig, & Naumann, 1996

Antheraea (Antheraea) exspectata Brechlin, 2000 ^{(footnote 15)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) rosemariae Holloway, Nässig, & Naumann, 1995 ^{(footnote 16)}

Antheraea (Antheraea) cihangiri Naumann & Nässig, 1998 ^{(footnote 17)}
 

Cricula trifenestrata kransi Jurriaanse & Lindemans, 1920

Cricula trifenestrata banggaiensis Naumann & U. Paukstadt, 1997 ^{(footnote 18)}

Cricula quinquefenestrata Roepke, 1940

Loepa minahassae Mell, 1938 ^{(footnote 19)}

Important Note: No taxonomic changes suggested herein are valid taxonomic acts in accordance with the Code; these are only pure suggestions to promote discussion among the specialists. Real taxonomic changes must await a printed publication. Comments on these proposals are welcome always.

Achtung: Taxonomische Veränderungen, die hier vorgeschlagen werden, sind keine taxonomischen Akte im Sinne des „Codes für zoologische Nomenklatur“. Es sind nur Vorschläge, die die Diskussion unter den geneigten Lesern fördern sollen. Wirkliche taxonomische Änderungen bedürfen eines gedruckten Mediums. Kommentare und Anregungen sind immer willkommen.

1. Brahmaea celebica: This species originally was described as a subspecies of Brahmaea hearseyi. The two male types are deposited in the museum collections of Leiden (Holotype) and Amsterdam (Paratype), Netherlands. In 1987, Holloway gave this taxon full species rank due to genitalia and pattern differences to B. hearseyi. The preimaginal instars werde described und figured by L. H. & U. Paukstadt in 1996. During a visit of S. Naumann in Leiden a female from Peleng Island was found in the museum collection which differs interestingly from the Sulawesi mainland specimens; a male, collected recently on Peleng, fitted with this female very good. Studies on this population are in still in progress (Naumann & Meister, in preparation). In the museum´s collection also the holotype of Brahmaea hearseyi luchti Dupont, 1937 from Samarinda, Borneo, was relocated; in Nässig & U. Paukstadt, 1990 it before was reported to be evidently lost.  ==> back
2. Attacus erebus: This species is known so far only from mainland Sulawesi, no records from the smaller islands around or even from Pulau Peleng are known so far. The preimaginal instars were described in detail by L. H. Paukstadt, U. Paukstadt, Naumann & Kohll (1996). Meanwhile also a hybrid of Attacus atlas Linnaeus 1758 x erebus was bred, a publication on this is in preparation (F. Meister, pers. comm.).  ==> back
3. Attacus paraliae: This species is known from the Banggai Archipelago and, outside political borders of Sulawesi, from the nearby Sula Islands, Province Central Moluccas. The preimaginal instars still remain unknown.  ==> back
4. Samia vandenberghi: No further news was published since Naumann (1995); L. H. Paukstadt, Naumann, & U. Paukstadt (1996) described the preimaginal instars again in detail officially. That taxon which was handled in Naumann (1995) as undescribed subspecies of S. vandenberghi, was described lateron as S. naumanni U. Paukstadt, Peigler, & L. H. Paukstadt, 1998 (see below).  ==> back
5. Samia peigleri: Meanwhile this delicate species was bred independently by W. A. Nässig and L. H. Paukstadt. According to my information, a publication with figures of the early instars obviously is in preparation (U. Paukstadt et al. [?]).  ==> back
6. Samia naumanni: As cited under notes on S. vandenberghi, this species was handled in Naumann (1995) as an undescribed subspecies of this taxon; in 1998 U. Paukstadt, Peigler, & L. H. Paukstadt described this species with full species rank as S. naumanni, an intermediate between S. vandenberghi and S. ceramensis Bouvier, 1928. No information so far is available about the early instars. After present knowledge, this second representative of the Attacini from Peleng, has exactly the same range as A. paraliae.  ==> back
7. Actias: After further literature studies, some additional notes on the complex around A. maenas Doubleday, 1847 become necessary; these will be published due soon (Nässig, Naumann, & Brosch, in preparation). No additional notes on A. isis became worth to be cited, beside the short curious remark, that shortly (on the international insect exchange fair in Frankfurt am Main, November 1999) some mislabelled specimens were offered with locality „PR China“ by insect dealers, the „most spectacular record“ for the time being.  ==> back
8. Antheraea (A) celebensis: As pointed out earlier (Naumann, 1995; Holloway, Naumann, & Nässig, 1996), the status of the populations west of Sulawesi referred to A. (A.) celebensis in literature, still remains to me resolved. A. (A.) celebensis in the sense of the original description is a taxon confined only to Sulawesi and perhaps some smaller islands nearby, and clearly differs from all other Antheraea species described from Sulawesi.  ==> back
9. Antheraea (A.) pelengensis Brechlin, 2000: The type material of this species which most recently was described by Brechlin, was collected on Pulau Peleng, Banggai Archipelago, and Sanana, Sula Islands. The species was separated from A. (A.) celebensis by some minor differences in pattern and colour (which generally can be minor in the frithi-group) and mostly by parallelism with other species due to biogeographical reasons. In the original description it is compared also with A. (A.) rumphii C. Felder, 1861, a near relative from central Moluccas of which the subspecies ceramensis and buruensis were set into synonymy in the same time. Due to the lack of long series of that new taxon nothing can be said about the justification of that description of a further species from this area.  ==> back
10. Antheraea (A.) platessa: In 1995, only a singleton of this widespread SE Asian species was known from Sulawesi, and it was supposed to be an introduced specimen. Meanwhile, a second specimen was sent to Germany by local collectors (in coll. Brosch, pers. comm.), which could give evidence that perhaps this species occurs regularly but rarely in southern Sulawesi. Most recently, also the preimaginal instars of A. (A.) platessa from Borneo were described and figured in color by L. H. Paukstadt & U. Paukstadt, and the population from the Philippines was separated as A. (A.) schroederi by U. Paukstadt, Brosch, & L. H. Paukstadt (both articles in galathea – Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen e.V., Supplement 6).  ==> back
11. Antheraea (A.) cordifolia: This taxon of which Antheraea (A.) fickei Weymer, 1909 is a junior synonym, was bred successfully meanwhile; the early instars were described in a publication by L. H. Paukstadt & U. Paukstadt (1997), the pupae of this species are the only ones in the genus Antheraea on which small bristles could be found on the surface. Most recently some specimens were collected on Pulau Peleng, samples of these are in the collections of F. Meister, Prenzlau, and S. Naumann, Berlin. Earlier, this taxon already was recorded from Pulau Kabaena southeast of Sulawesi (Naumann, 1995). Holloway & Hall (1998) call a group of species, inclusive A. (A.) cordifolia, together with A. (A.) minahassae, A. (A.) paukstadtorum, A. (A.) taripaensis, and A. (A.) viridiscura a „small monophyletic group“ of 5 endemics of Sulawesi, an idea which should be discussed more intensively during revision of the genus.  ==> back
12. Antheraea (A.) minahassae: This rare species still was not bred; also after years of quite intensive collecting in southern Sulawesi only singletons of this species are known. Also A. (A.) minahassae was collected (only a singleton again) most recently on Pulau Peleng (specimen in coll. F. Meister, Prenzlau).  ==> back
13. Antheraea (A.) paukstadtorum: This species was described after a large series of most variable specimens (458 males, 44 females, all checked by the senior author of this taxon) which could not be separated to more species because of overlapping in all features like color, wingspan, form of forewing apex, size and form of ocellus, antenna size, and pattern; in this large amount of specimens, plus lateron collected and checked specimens, not a single series could be found which had produced stabile characteristics to separate such a series as another different species. For every feature intermediates between two extreme formes could be found, so that all these specimens were interpreted as a single species because in the moment it was impossible to find ways to solve this problem more sufficiently. Meanwhile A. (A.) paukstadtorumwas bred from ova by some entomologists several times successfully, and as far as known no differences in caterpillars of different „forms“ could be found. Most recently specimens of A. (A.) paukstadtorum were collected on Pulau Peleng, samples of these are in the collections of F. Meister, Prenzlau, and S. Naumann, Berlin. A single record from Pulau Kabaena southeast of Sulawesi is stored in the museum collection of Leiden, Netherlands.  ==> back
14. Antheraea (A.) kageri: U. Paukstadt, L H. Paukstadt, & Y. R. Suhardjono described that form of A. (A.) paukstadtorum as new species in 1997, some of the type specimens were also paratypes of A. (A.) paukstadtorum at the same time. It was separated because of the slightly smaller antenna, the more rounded forewing apex (text of the original description: „forewing apex pointed, in total mostly, but not always, more voluminous and rounded than in A. (A.) paukstadtorum“) and the „light or dark“ brownish and never yellowish ground color; no significant differences in genitalia structures were found. Unfortunately, the authors of this taxon never checked the whole type series of A. (A.) paukstadtorum and could not imagine how variable this species can appear. There are also yellow specimens known of that was is called kageri, there are typical paukstadtorum with small antenna, and specimens with kageri pattern and pointed apex. In breeding experiments where typical kageri hatched, larvae could not be differed from typical paukstadtorum larvae by any characteristics. After all this, there are two ways of interpretation: First, A. (A.) kageri is a synonym of the most variable species A. (A.) paukstadtorum which cannot be separated in the moment into different taxa with actual knowledge, or: Second, A. (A.) kageri is due to ist pattern etc. one of the forms of A. (A.) paukstadtorum which can be defined from superficial characteristics. In this case there would be at least 3 or 4 remaining taxa of the genus Antheraea to be described from Sulawesi, all of these forms with extreme characteristics.  ==> back
15. Antheraea (A.) exspectata Brechlin, 2000: The name of this taxon which most recently was described says everything: Everybody knew that the since long time known females of "Antheraea species female of unclear identity" (Naumann, 1995, and following authors) had no name applied but all were waiting for results with breeding this species from eggs, as no male was known before. This was tried for several years, most attempts failed (Paukstadt, Naumann) but in 1999 L H. Paukstadt could rear a single cocoon from imported ova in Germany. The specimen hatched just after the publication of the new name, a publication by the Paukstadt´s on the life history is in preparation. Brechlin was the first who received a male of an strange small Antheraea from southern Sulawesi which resembles somewhat A. (A.) viridiscura but which bears all characteristics of a dayflying moth (small eyes, small wingspan, few scales) which would explain the rareness of the male. This male shares many pattern elements with the "unclear female", so it was combined with this and described as new by Brechlin. Further investigations on this interesting species mainly in its biotopes, also in northern Sulawesi, will be necessary.  ==> back
16. Antheraea (A.) rosemariae: One of the most common species in Sulawesi meanwhile was reared. A publication on the early instars was published by L. H. Paukstadt & U. Paukstadt in 1996. Beside typical greyish females and the rarer yellow ones meanwhile also a reddish brown morph is known.  ==> back
17. Antheraea (A.) cihangiri: In 1995 only a singleton from Pulau Peleng was known, and no description was based on that specimen although already here slight differences to A. (A.) rosemariae in genitalia structures, beside the different color, could be examined (Naumann, 1995). During an expedition a second specimen became available, and a publication of the description of this Peleng endemic by Naumann & Nässig (1998) became possible.  ==> back
18. Cricula trifenestrata banggaiensis: This taxon was cited as undescribed subspecies from Pulau Peleng in Naumann (1995). Meanwhile, Naumann & U. Paukstadt (1997) published a description of this subspecies. It can be separated from C. trifenestrata kransi by the always appearing 5 to 7 forewing fenestrae in the female, and the broadly ringed second, mostly fenestrated forewing fenestrae in the male. Early instars are not known so far..  ==> back
19. Loepa minahassae: Beside mainland Sulawesi, this taxon was recorded from Pulau Buton, Pulau Peleng, and Pulau Tanahjampea (Naumann, 1995). In 1996, L. H. Paukstadt & U. Paukstadt described and figured the early instars for the first time completely.  ==> back

Brechlin, R. (2000): Zwei weitere neue Antheraea-Arten von Sulawesi und den östlich anschließenden Inseln (Indonesien): Antheraea (Antheraea) exspectata n. sp. und A. (A.) pelengensis n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo (Frankfurt am Main), N. F. 20 (3/4): 291 – 310 (incl. 8 figs. phot.col. & 8 figs. phot.h.-t.).

Holloway, J. D. (1987): The Moths of Borneo. Part 3 Lasiocampidae, Eupterotidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. – Southdene Sdn. Bhd. (Kuala Lumpur), 199 pp, 18 b&w pls., 20 col. pls.

Holloway, J. D., & Hall, R. (1998): SE Asian geology and biogeography: an introduction. In: Hall, R., & Holloway, J. D. [editors]:  Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia. – Backhuys Publishers (Leiden): pp [1] – 23.

Holloway, J. D., Nässig, W. A., & Naumann, S. (1995): The Antheraea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Sulawesi, with descriptions of new species. Part 1: Antheraea (Antheraea) rosemariae n. sp. – Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo (Frankfurt am Main), N. F. 16 (2/3): 297 – 308.

Holloway, J. D., Naumann, S., & Nässig, W. A. (1996): The Antheraea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Sulawesi, with descriptions of new species. Part 2: The species of the frithi-group. – Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo (Frankfurt am Main), N. F. 17 (3): 225 – 258.

Nässig, W. A. (1995): Eine Revision der Gattung Cricula Walker 1855 sowie ein Versuch einer phylogenetischen Analyse der Tribus Saturniini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Unpublished doctoral thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität (Frankfurt am Main), 113 pp. (incl. 8 col. & 10 bw plates).

Nässig, W. A. & Paukstadt, U. (1990): The Brahmaeidae of Sumatra. – Heterocera Sumatrana (Goettingen), 6: 117 – 136.

Naumann, S. (1995): Die Saturniiden-Fauna von Sulawesi, Indonesien. – Unpublished doctoral thesis, Freie Universität Berlin, 145 pp (incl. 15 color & 2 bw plates).

Naumann, S., & Nässig, W. A. (1998): Two new species of Antheraea (Antheraea) of the helferi-group from Eastern Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo (Frankfurt am Main), N. F. 18 (4): 319 – 330.

Naumann, S., & Paukstadt, U. (1997): Eine neue Unterart von Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer, 1837) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) von Pulau Peleng im Banggai-Archipel, Indonesien. – Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo (Frankfurt am Main), N. F 18 (2/3): 195 – 204.

Paukstadt, L. H., Naumann, S., & Paukstadt, U. (1996): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Samia vandenberghi (Watson 1915) von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 106 (9): 353 – 359.

Paukstadt, L. H., & Paukstadt, U. (1996a): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Loepa minahassae Mell 1938 von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 106 (10): 385 – 359.

Paukstadt, L. H., & Paukstadt, U. (1996b): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Brahmaea (Brahmophthalma) celebica Toxopeus [1939] von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 106 (11): 443 - 449.

Paukstadt, L. H., & Paukstadt, U. (1996c): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Antheraea rosemariae Holloway, Nässig & Naumann 1995 von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 106 (12): 481 – 487.

Paukstadt, L. H., & Paukstadt, U. (1997): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Antheraea cordifolia Weymer 1906 von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 107 (4): 133 – 141.

Paukstadt, L. H., Paukstadt, U., Naumann, S. & Kohll, S. (1996): Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien von Attacus erebus Fruhstorfer 1904 von Sulawesi, Indonesien, sowie Angaben zur Biologie und Ökologie (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 106 (8): 297 – 305.

Paukstadt, U., Naumann, S., Paukstadt, L. H., & Bouyer, T. (1995): Beschreibung des bisher unbekannten Weibchens von Samia peigleri Naumann & Nässig 1995 von Sulawesi, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 105 (24): 485 – 487.

Paukstadt, U., Paukstadt, L. H., & Suhardjono, Y. R. (1997): Antheraea (Antheraea) kageri n. sp., eine neue Saturniide von Sulawesi, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 107 (2): 53 – 59.

Paukstadt, U., Peigler, R. S., & Paukstadt, L. H. (1998): Samia naumanni n. sp., eine neue Saturniide von den Banggai- und Sula-Inseln, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). – Entomologische Zeitschrift (Essen), 108 (3): 114 – 121.
 

Entomologische Autobibliographie / List of entomological publications

Home page Dr. Stefan Naumann

Liste der Neubeschreibungen / List of new taxa

Namenspatronat für beschriebene Taxa / Name patronship for described taxa

Nomenklatorische & taxonomische Veränderungen / Nomenclatural & Taxonomic Acts

Projekte in Arbeit / Projects in progress

Typenfalter / Type specimens in coll. Stefan Naumann, Berlin

Saturniidae und / and Brahmaeidae von / of Sulawesi (Indonesien / Indonesia)
 

Compiled by Stefan Naumann, Berlin.
Ursprünglich optimiert für Netscape Communicator 4.xx (eingetragene Handelsmarke der Netscape Communications Corporation);
originally designed for netscape communicator 4.xx (trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation).
Dublin Core Metadata included.
sulawesi.htm / established January 9, 2000 / last update: March 1, 2006.